Organ Systems 06/11
Systems Mnemonic: NICER DRUMS (Nervous, Integumentary, Circulatory, Endocrine, Respiratory, Digestive, Reproductive, Urinary, Muscular, Skeletal)
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SECTIONS
Heart
Topics Main Vessels Chambers Valves Blood Supply to heart Notes Systole occurs when the heart contracts to pump blood out, and diastole occurs when the heart relaxes after contraction. Why is LAD the most important artery? It provides about half of the arterial supply to the left ventricle and is thus considered the most important
CTAP
CT Scan XR CT MRI A chest x-ray, for example, delivers 0.1 mSv, while a chest CT delivers 7 mSv (see the table) — 70 times as much. The Hounsfield unit (HU) is a relative quantitative measurement of radio density used by radiologists in the interpretation of computed tomography (CT) images. Reference
Meninges
3 Layers: Dura Arachnoid Pia DAP Bleeds ExtraDural EDHAL: Middle Meningeal Artery Rupture, Rx Burr Hole Inch above Mid Zygomatic Arch, Lucid interval SubDural SDH: Superior Cerebral Veins Injury, Rx Burr Hole SubArachnoid SAH: Rupture Aneurysm Circle of Willis – Not due to injury Reference
Disease
CHERIANCharts: EWS (Temp, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Respiratory Rate, O2 Saturation, Supplemental O2)History: Symptoms. Past Medical History e.g. HTN, DM, COPD, Blood ThinnersExamination: SignsResults: Investigations – Bloods, Imaging (X Rays, USS, CT), UrineImpression: Differential DiagnosisAdvise: ManagementName of Clinician (+ Designation, Contact Bleep)
Pancreas 19/10
Anatomy (Uncinate=having a hooked shape) Exocrine –> Enzymes – Amylase, Lipase Endocrine –>Hormones – A Glucagon, B Insulin, D Somatostatin Pancreatitis causes: Gall Stones or ETOH Enzymes Amylase 125 U/L (elevated 2/7) Lipase 50 IU/L (elevated 2/52) (L = 50 Roman Letters) Significant if elevated 3 times or more Main treatment: Hydration – guided by
Ureter Identification
Illustent – Ureter Visualisation Hysterectomy Reference
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